Research library
The studies behind every number on this site
Every protection estimate and evidence rating traces back to the papers below. Each study page summarizes the sample, species, methodology, and measured results, so you can judge the evidence yourself.
7 studies
- Lavender, eucalyptus, and orange essential oils as repellents against Ixodes ricinus females
Kulma M, Bubová T, Kopecký O, Rettich F · 2017 · Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 48(2):76-81
LabLimited evidenceIxodes ricinusLaboratory comparison of lavender, eucalyptus, and orange essential oils against 10% DEET for repelling the tick Ixodes ricinus over 80 minutes.
- Activity of the plant-based repellent TT-4302 against the ticks Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Bissinger BW, Apperson CS, Watson DW, Arellano C, Sonenshine DE, Roe RM · 2014 · Experimental and Applied Acarology 62(1):105–113
LabLimited evidenceTwo-choice laboratory bioassays of a 5% geraniol formulation against four medically important tick species, compared to 15% DEET.
- Bioactivity of cedarwood oil and cedrol against arthropod pests
Eller FJ, Vander Meer RK, Behle RW, Flor-Weiler LB, Palmquist DE · 2014 · Environmental Entomology 43(3):762-766
LabLimited evidenceBioassays of CO2-extracted cedarwood oil from Juniperus virginiana for ant repellency and of its component cedrol for toxicity to black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) nymphs.
- Essential oils of Cupressus funebris, Juniperus communis, and J. chinensis as repellents against ticks and mosquitoes and as toxicants against mosquitoes
Carroll JF, Tabanca N, Kramer M, Elejalde NM, Wedge DE, Bernier UR, et al. · 2011 · Journal of Vector Ecology 36(2):258-268
LabLimited evidenceLaboratory dose-response bioassays of Juniperus communis (and J. chinensis, Cupressus funebris) essential oils for repellency against adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and host-seeking nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis ticks.
- Efficacy of 1% geraniol (Fulltec) as a tick repellent
Khallaayoune K, Biron JM, Chaoui A, Duvallet G · 2009 · Parasite 16(3):223–226
Field TrialLimited evidenceField trial of a 1% geraniol spray applied to cattle on two farms near Rabat, Morocco, measuring tick burden over three weeks.
- Laboratory Evaluation of Mosquito Repellents Against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus
Barnard DR, Xue RD · 2004 · Journal of Medical Entomology 41(4):726–730
LabLimited evidenceArm-in-cage laboratory evaluation of a 25% geraniol commercial product (MosquitoSafe, mineral-oil base) against three mosquito species, versus 7% DEET.
- Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil
Ansari MA, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan RK · 2000 · Bioresource Technology 71(3):267-271
LabLimited evidenceLaboratory evaluation of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil for larvicidal activity and for human-skin repellency against Anopheles annularis, Anopheles culicifacies, and Culex quinquefasciatus.