Research library
The studies behind every number on this site
Every protection estimate and evidence rating traces back to the papers below. Each study page summarizes the sample, species, methodology, and measured results, so you can judge the evidence yourself.
1 study
- Field evaluation of the efficacy and persistence of insect repellents DEET, IR3535, and KBR 3023 against Anopheles gambiae complex and other Afrotropical vector mosquitoes
Costantini C, Badolo A, Ilboudo-Sanogo E · 2004 · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98(11):644-652
Field TrialDefinitive evidenceLarge topical field trial in Burkina Faso directly comparing skin-applied DEET, IR3535, and KBR 3023 (picaridin) against wild malaria vectors, with over 49,000 mosquitoes collected (~95% Anopheles gambiae complex).