Study summary
Repellent efficacy of DEET, Icaridin, and EBAAP against Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis nymphs (Acari, Ixodidae)
Büchel K, Bendin J, Gharbi A, Rahlenbeck S, Dautel H
- Study type
- Lab
- Year
- 2015
- Published in
- Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
- Evidence strength
- Well-supported evidence
Summary
Controlled human-forearm study under the US-EPA repellent protocol measuring median complete protection time (CPT) for the three major synthetic actives against blacklegged-tick nymphs.
Key findings
Median tick CPT: 10% icaridin (picaridin) ~5 h against I. scapularis and ~8 h against I. ricinus; 20% DEET ~4-4.5 h against both; 10% IR3535 ~3.5-4 h against both. Picaridin equaled or beat DEET; IR3535 was the weakest of the three.
Limitations
Nymphs only; pure ethanolic active solutions rather than finished consumer formulations; one concentration per active; lab-placed ticks rather than naturally questing ones.