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BugRepellent.Guide

Study summary

Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites (complete-protection-time study)

Fradin MS, Day JF

Study type
Lab
Year
2002
Sample size
15 subjects
Species tested
Aedes aegypti
Published in
New England Journal of Medicine 347(1):13-18
Evidence strength
Definitive evidence

How it was tested

Arm-in-cage complete-protection-time (CPT) tests: 15 volunteers inserted a treated arm into a cage of unfed Aedes aegypti at intervals until the first confirmed bite.

What it measured

Measured complete protection time, by arm

DEET · 23.8%5.0 h
DEET (controlled release) · 20%3.9 h
DEET · 6.65%1.9 h
Soybean oil · 2%1.6 h
DEET · 4.75%1.5 h
IR3535 · 7.5%22.9 min
Citronella oil · 10%19.7 min
Citronella oil (with peppermint) · 12%19 min
Citronella oil · 5%13.5 min
DEET wristband · 9.5%0.3 min

Wearable format — essentially no protection.

Complete protection time = minutes until the first confirmed bite.

Summary

Controlled arm-in-cage trial measuring complete-protection time for DEET, IR3535, a soybean-oil product, botanical sprays, and repellent-impregnated wristbands against Aedes aegypti.

Key findings

A 23.8% DEET formulation gave a mean 301.5 minutes of complete protection; the 2% soybean-oil product (Bite Blocker) lasted 94.6 minutes - the best non-DEET product; IR3535 22.9 minutes; other botanicals under 20 minutes; wristbands offered no protection.

Limitations

Single mosquito species in a controlled laboratory cage; older formulation set; small volunteer panel.

Related on this site

Read the original paper ↗